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Smart new strategies to design, produce, and use safer chemicals to minimize risks and prevent pollution are a priority for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). EPA is developing a comprehensive approach to enhance the Agency’s management of existing chemicals and emer...

This study was conducted to compare the cardiac effects of particulate matter (PM)-enhanced and ozone(O3)-enhanced smog atmospheres in mice. We hypothesized that O3-enhanced smog would cause greater cardiac dysfunction than PM-enhanced smog due to the higher concentrations of irr...

Gaseous and particulate emissions generated from the combustion of coal have been associated with adverse effects on human health and the environment, and have therefore been the subject of regulation by federal and state government agencies. Detailed emission characterizations ...

Epidemiology studies over the past 5 decades have provided convincing evidence that air pollution exposure is associated with multiple adverse health outcomes, including increased mortality. Air pollution is a complex mixture of particles, vapors, and gases emitted from natural ...

We have previously reported that aspiration of an equal mass (100 &micro;g) of particulate matter (PM) in flaming biomass smoke condensate caused greater lung toxicity in mice than samples from smoldering smoke. In this study, we conducted inhalation exposures on a subset of the ...

Several models were used to describe the partitioning of ammonia, water, and organic compounds between the gas and particle phases for conditions in the southeastern US during summer 2013. Existing equilibrium models and frameworks were found to be sufficient, although additional...

These are the slides for a joint USGS/USEPA presentation at the USGS' Innovation Center Colloquium February 28, 2018. Work from the 2017 field trial for proof of concept of this technology is presented, including numerous photographs. This work showed the feasibility of these mea...

With increased urbanization, there is increased mobility leading to higher amount of traffic-related activity on a global scale. Most NOx from combustion sources (about 90&ndash;95%) are emitted as NO, which is then readily converted to NO2 in the ambient air, while the remainder...

A next generation air quality modeling system is being developed at the U.S. EPA to enable modeling of air quality from global to regional to (eventually) local scales. We envision that the system will have three configurations: 1. Global meteorology with seamless mesh refinemen...

Wildland fires emit high concentrations of airborne particulate matter (PM) and volatile organic compounds which can impact sensitive populations such as asthmatics. Health effects of these biomass emissions may vary significantly depending on fuel type and burn conditions. We as...

Background: There is an urgent need to provide access to cleaner end user energy technolo-gies for the nearly 40% of the world&rsquo;s population who currently depend on rudimentary cooking and heating systems. Advanced cookstoves (CS) are de&not;signed to cut emissions and soli...

Bisphenol A (BPA) is commonly manufactured to make polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins for use in consumer products and packaged goods. BPA has been found in several different types of environmental media (e.g., food, dust, and air). Many cross-sectional studies have frequent...

This study demonstrates that early-life persistent vitamin D deficiency alters the cardiopulmonary response to smog in mice and may increase risk of adverse effects. Early life nutritional deficiencies can lead to increased cardiovascular susceptibility to environme...

Exposure to air pollution is a global public health problem associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Exposure to particulate matter (PM) has been reported to activate circulating platelets in vulnerable populations (patients with type 2 diabetes or coronary heart d...

Air pollution is a diverse and dynamic mixture of gaseous and particulate matter. This complexity has limited our understanding of adverse health outcomes resulting from common types of air contaminants. The biological effects of two simulated smog atmospheres (SA) generated in a...

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Engineering Issue Papers (EIPs) are a series of technology transfer documents that summarize the latest information on selected waste treatment and site remediation technologies and related issues. The information is presented in a c...

This presentation presents three modifications to the building downwash algorithm in AERMOD that improve the physical basis and internal consistency of the model, and one modification to AERMOD&rsquo;s building pre-processor to better represent elongated buildings in oblique wind...

The Environmental Effects Assessment Panel (EEAP) is one of three Panels of experts that inform the Parties to the Montreal Protocol. The EEAP focuses on the effects of UV radiation on human health, terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, air quality, and materials, as well as on the...

Background: Excessive exposure to manganese (Mn) may cause parkinsonian-like motor and tremor symptoms and adverse cognitive effects, including problems with executive functioning (EF), resembling those found in later-stage Parkinson&rsquo;s disease (PD). Studies seeking to diff...

The weathering release rate of base cations&nbsp;(BCw) from soil minerals is fundamentally important&nbsp;for terrestrial ecosystem growth, function, and sensitivityto acid deposition. Understanding BCw is necessary&nbsp;to reduce or prevent damage to acid-sensitive&nbsp;natural ...

Nano-fillers are increasingly incorporated into polymeric materials to improve the mechanical, barrier or other matrix properties of nanocomposites used for consumer and industrial applications. However, over the life cycle, these nanocomposites could degrade due to exposure to...

Traffic emissions are associated with the elevation of health risks of people living close to highways. Roadside vegetation barriers have the potential of reducing these risks by decreasing near-road air pollution concentrations. However, while we understand the mechanisms that d...

No study has evaluated the mutagenicity of atmospheres with a calculated air quality health index (AQHI). Thus, we generated in a UV-light-containing reaction chamber two simulated atmospheres (SAs) with similar AQHIs but different proportions of criteria pollutants and evaluated...

The representation of land use and land cover (hereby referred to as &ldquo;LU&rdquo;) is a challenging aspect of dynamically downscaled simulations, as a mesoscale model that is utilized as a regional climate model (RCM) may be limited in its ability to represent LU over multi-d...

Blood, breath and urine represent the three primary diagnostic fluids for assessing environmental exposures and human health state. Although there is overlap in biological media choice for many applications, each have their individual strategic and analytical advantages: Blood is...